Strategy
We often make decisions based on what others are doing or what we've always been told. But what if there was a more effective way? First principles thinking. Inspired by thinkers like Aristotle and popularized by modern innovators like Elon Musk, first principles thinking is about deconstructing complex
Finance
In corporate governance, two titles often sit at the pinnacle: the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chairperson of the Board. Often, confusion arises because in some companies, the same individual holds both positions. However, even in such cases, the hats they wear are fundamentally different. To fully grasp their
Finance
For company directors, the onset of insolvency marks a critical juncture where their duties and responsibilities fundamentally change. No longer is their primary focus solely on promoting the success of the company for the benefit of its shareholders. Instead, the law dictates a significant shift in allegiance: to the creditors.
Finance
Corporate insolvency is a challenging reality that many businesses may face. Understanding the intricacies of this legal and financial state is crucial for directors, creditors, and anyone involved with a company experiencing financial distress. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of corporate insolvency in the UK, outlining the key terms,
Finance
How do you move beyond gut instincts to make decisions that maximize value and minimize risk? Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a systematic tool that helps bring clarity to your assumptions. What Is Cost-Benefit Analysis? A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a systematic process used to compare the projected or estimated costs
Finance
What Are Dual-Class Shares? Dual-class shares are a type of share structure in which a company issues two or more classes of shares, each with different voting rights. Typically, one class (often held by founders, executives, or insiders) has superior or "super" voting rights-sometimes 10 or even 100
Finance
Every successful organization has a guiding force at its core: the Board of Directors. The Board is the strategic and oversight body responsible for the long-term health and direction of the enterprise. What is a Board of Directors? A Board of Directors is a group of individuals elected by a
Finance
One of the key summary documents produced as an output of the crucial planning phase is the Audit Strategy Memorandum (ASM). Often referred to as the 'roadmap' for the audit, the ASM is an internal document that lays the foundation for how the audit will be conducted. It&
Finance
When a company decides to undergo an audit of its financial statements, the relationship between the auditor and the client is formalized through a crucial document: the engagement letter. More than just a formality, this letter acts as a contract, laying the groundwork for a smooth and effective audit process.
Finance
Effective corporate governance is the bedrock of a successful and sustainable company. It's not just about rules and regulations; it's about the people and their respective roles in ensuring the company operates ethically, transparently, and in the best interests of its stakeholders. Below I explain the
Financial Models
Companies must continually invest in their assets to thrive and survive. These investments, known as capital expenditures (capex), are the lifeblood of both immediate operations and future success. However, not all capex serves the same purpose. To truly decode a company’s strategy and financial health, it’s critical to
M&A
What is Net Working Capital (NWC)? NWC measures a company’s short-term liquidity by comparing its current assets to current liabilities: NWC = Current Assets (Accounts Receivable, Inventory, Prepaid Expenses) – Current Liabilities (Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses) A positive NWC signals a company can meet near-term obligations, while a negative NWC may