Clear, practical, and ready-to-use models to help you plan, forecast, and analyze.
Financial Models
Leveraged Buyouts (LBOs) are a cornerstone of private equity, allowing firms to acquire companies primarily using borrowed money. For finance professionals, understanding how to build an LBO model is a crucial skill. It’s not just about crunching numbers; it’s about dissecting a business, forecasting its future, and assessing
Financial Models
You can be the most profitable business on paper, but without sufficient cash flowing in and out, you're on the fast track to trouble. Cash flow forecasts for financial planning offer deeper insights into your future liquidity. What is a Cash Flow Forecast? A cash flow forecast is
Financial Models
M&A models are used by investment bankers, corporate development teams, private equity firms, and corporate finance professionals to evaluate the financial implications of a potential acquisition or merger. These models project the combined financial performance of the acquirer and target, assess deal accretion/dilution, and determine the optimal
Financial Models
Unlevered Free Cash Flow (UFCF) UFCF is the cash flow generated from core business operations, before considering any debt payments. It's a measure of the company's intrinsic profitability, independent of its capital structure. How is it calculated? A common way to calculate UFCF is: * EBIT (Earnings
Financial Models
Introduction: Why Capex Matters Companies can’t thrive without reinvesting in their assets. These investments, called capital expenditures (capex), are essential for both day-to-day operations and long-term growth. But not all capex is created equal. To truly understand a company’s strategy and financial health, investors must distinguish between growth
Financial Models
Once a portfolio company is sold for a profit, who gets paid first, and how much? In private equity (PE), the distribution waterfall is the framework that dictates how profits flow between investors (Limited Partners) and fund managers (General Partners). Understanding this structure is critical for grasping how PE firms
Financial Models
Paid-in-Kind (PIK) interest offers borrowers a double-edged sword: the ability to defer cash interest payments in exchange for a growing debt burden. Commonly used in leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and distressed debt scenarios, PIK interest can provide short-term liquidity relief but carries long-term risks. Let’s unpack how PIK works, its
Financial Models
The cash sweep is a powerful tool that accelerates debt repayment by allocating surplus cash toward reducing principal debt balances. For financial modelers, understanding how to incorporate a cash sweep into projections is essential for optimizing debt schedules, lowering interest costs, and improving a company’s financial health. Let’s
Financial Models
The revolving loan facility (revolver) is a versatile credit tool that acts like a financial safety net for businesses. Whether managing seasonal cash flow gaps or funding growth initiatives, revolvers are a cornerstone of leveraged buyouts (LBOs), project finance, and everyday corporate liquidity management. Let’s dive into how revolvers
Financial Models
In the world of private equity and mergers & acquisitions, Leveraged Buyout (LBO) Models are vital decision-making tools. These financial models enable investors to assess the viability of acquiring a company using significant debt, while projecting potential returns. This guide breaks down the mechanics, applications, and nuances of LBO models.
Financial Models
Variance analysis is a core management accounting technique that compares budgeted vs actual results, calculates the difference (variance), and explains the underlying causes. By pinpointing whether changes were driven by price, volume, efficiency, or external factors, businesses can evaluate performance, refine forecasts, and make data-driven decisions. This guide covers: * What
Financial Models
Ever looked at a company’s consolidated financial statements and noticed a line item called Non-Controlling Interest (NCI)? At first glance, it may seem like accounting jargon. But understanding NCI is essential for investors, analysts, and anyone studying corporate ownership structures. In this guide, we’ll explain: * What non-controlling interest
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